This insight presents key lessons from cocoa legal studies in Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana on legality due diligence under the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR). Operators and traders must ensure cocoa products comply with relevant national legislation and exercise due diligence by collecting evidence, assessing risks, and implementing mitigation measures. The EUDR legality criterion is context-specific, based on national laws, and requires a risk-based approach. Legal frameworks are dynamic and often ambiguous, especially regarding smallholder realities. Effective due diligence depends on stakeholder engagement, adaptability, and addressing enforcement and data challenges. The studies have fostered consensus, transparency, and opportunities for improved governance and sustainability in the cocoa sector.